Stance detection identifies a text’s position or attitude toward a given subject. A major challenge in Roman Urdu is the lack of a publicly available dataset for political stance detection. To address this gap, we constructed a high-quality dataset of 8,374 political tweets and comments using the Twitter API, annotated with stance labels: agree, disagree, and unrelated. The dataset captures diverse political viewpoints and user interactions. For feature representation, we employed TF-IDF due to its effectiveness in handling high-dimensional, context-sensitive Roman Urdu text. Several machine learning classifiers were evaluated, with Random Forest achieving the highest accuracy of 95%. Addi... More >

The Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) is an emerging technology that enhances transportation systems by enabling interactions between vehicles, infrastructure, and other entities. Securing IoV networks from cyber threats like eavesdropping, data tampering, and intrusions is a major challenge. This research presents a Blockchain-Enabled Secure Authentication Protocol for IoVs (BESA-IOV), which leverages blockchain’s decentralized and tamper-resistant nature for secure communication in vehicular networks. By utilizing ECC-based lightweight cryptography and blockchain-based public key management, it ensures strong authentication, confidentiality, and integrity. The results show that BESA-IOV signif... More >